Archives → 2021 → V. 61. № 5 → pp. 492-505
Article
Pharmacotherapy of gastrointestinal tract injuries caused by radioactive particles in animals
Budarkov V.А.1, Zenkin А.S.2, Grekhova N.B1, Kozmin G.V.3
1Federal Research Center of Virology and Microbiology, Volginsky, Russia 2 National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia 3Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Obninsk, Russia
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the main critical organ during internal exposure of the body to radioactive particles (RP). We performed an experimental study of the therapy for acute local injuries in the form of ulcerative gastroenteritis caused by irradiation of animals with artificial highly active RP. The etiologic factor was β-radiation emitted by 165Dy (42%), 142Pr (45%), and 90Y (13%) or 235U fission products caused by thermal neutrons, simulating the radioactive decay of 10-hour-old nuclear fission products. Study of the specific activity of various chemical or biological substances was carried out on Wistar rats, outbred guinea pigs, and Prekos sheep. Radioactive particles were suspended by sparging in a 2.5% potato starch gel and injected into rodents intragastrically through a metal probe using a syringe. In experiments with sheep, RP were given to animals with food. The efficacy of drugs for treatment of radiation injury with different mechanisms of action was tested: those that (i) increase natural resistance, (ii) have a local wound-healing effect, (iii) a saline laxa-tive, and (iv) cholinomimetics. To evaluate the efficiency of treatment for radiation gastroenterocolitis, clinical and morphological parameters as well as survival rates were used. Good therapeutic efficacy of Glauber’s salt, Vinylin, Carbacholinum, and Pilocarpine, in combination with dimethyl sulfoxide, was found. It was manifested by a significant decrease in the intensity of damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa, accelerated healing of radiation ulcers, and an increase in survival rate of animals. Clear stimulation of healing of dama-ged tissues was observed after treatment of the animals with 2-allyloxyethanol, enzymatic hydrolysate of food products AU-8, Kalanchoe juice, and succinic acid. Our results indicate an importance of further investigation of the treatments of local radiation injuries to the gastrointestinal tract caused by RP, using new formulations, as well as complex application of pharmacological agents.
Keywords
Radioactive particles, gastrointestinal tract, guinea pigs, sheep, radiation ulcerative gastroenteritis, pharmacotherapy
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