Archives → 2022 → Vol. 62, № 6 → pp. 629–644
Article
Cytogenetic Effects in Feather Grass Populations from the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site
Geras’kin S. A.1, Minkenova К. S.2, Perevolotskaya Т. V.1, and Perevolotsky А. N.1
1Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Obninsk, Russia 2Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology, NNC, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
Abstract
Evaluation of cytogenetic effects in feather grass populations was performed at 63 sampling points of «4A» site from the Semipalatinsk test site (Kazakhstan), which do not differ in soil characteristics and contamination with heavy metals, but contrast in terms of the level of radioactive contamination. At the «4A» site in 1953–1957 combat radioactive substances were tested. The dose loads on feather grass at this site vary in the range of 0.00036-11 Gy/vegetation season, the main contribution to the dose absorbed by plants is made by internal irradiation from 90Sr. It was shown that dependence of the cytogenetic effects frequency of on the logarithm of the dose is divided into two parts, within which changes in the frequency of cytogenetic abnormalities with dose is fundamentally different. In the range of 0.36–162 mGy, frequency of aberrant cells does not differ statistically significantly from the control level. Increasing the dose above this limit leads to a statistically significant increase in the aberrant cell’s frequency. Breakpoints for other types of cytogenetic alterations were also evaluated (120 mGy for single fragments and bridges, 141 mGy for double fragments and bridges, and 174 mGy for mitotic abnormalities). The main contribution to the cytogenetic effects formation is made by double bridges, which serves as additional evidence of the radiation nature of changes observed in feather grass populations.
Keywords
The Semipalatinsk test site, radioactive contamination, 90Sr, cytogenetic alterations, feather grass
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