Archives → 2020 → V. 60. №5. → pp. 481–506
Article
Radiation-induced DNA Methylation Changes: in vitro and in vivo Studies
N. S. Kuzmina
N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Abstract
The phenomenological aspects and mechanisms of DNA methylation disorders (changes in the total level of DNA methylation and in repetitive elements methylation, locus-specific methylation disorders, loss of imprinting) induced by radiation in experimental studies in vitro and in vivo, as well as in the human body are considered. The results of evaluation of relationship between the radiosensitivity of tumor cells and their epigenetic status are demonstrated. Although it has been established that the radioresistant phenotype of such
cells is associated with hypermethylation of promotors of multiple genes, the mechanism of this phenomenon is very complex and a targeted impact on methylation to increase the level of damages in tumor cells leading to their death is required. The association of induced changes in DNA methylation with manifestations of such untargeted radiation effects as genomic instability and the «bystander» effect was revealed. The potential significance of the study of changes in DNA methylation in irradiated subjects in order to identify individuals with premature aging and an increased risk of age-associated pathology is discussed.
Keywords
radiation, in vitro and in vivo studies, DNA hyper-/hypomethylation, CpG-island, premature aging
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