Archives → 2018 → Vol. 58, No. 1 → pp. 45-52
Article
Cytogenetic Disturbances in the Cells of the Bone Marrow as a Possible Side Effect of Laser Therapy (Experimental Study)
Bulyakova N.V.1, Azarova V.S.1
1 A.N. Severtsov Institute of Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Abstract
At present, a combined effect of pulsed infrared and red lasers is often used in practical medicine. In this paper, we investigate the abnormalities in the chromosomal apparatus of bone marrow cells as a possible side effect of laser therapy under conditions of intense laser exposure. In adult mongrel rats, an ana-telophase method was used to perform a cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow cells after an alternating combined action on each animal’s shin with two types of lasers with different intensities and a depth of penetration into biological tissues. Pulsed infrared laser, 890 nm, 1500 Hz, 5 sessions in a contact labile mode, and emitting continuously red laser, 632.8 nm, 5 sessions in a stable remote mode, were applied. In experiment 1, the duration of the procedures was 1 min. Each rat tibia was irradiated with a total dose of 1.65-1.80 J/cm2. In experiment 2, the duration of the procedures was 3 min. Each rat tibia was irradiated with a total dose of 4.95-5.40 J/cm2. After completion of laser exposure, the frequency of occurrence of cells with chromosomal abnormalities in the irradiated bone marrow increased. The cytogenetic effect depended on the dose of laser irradiation. In experiment 1, there was a tendency for an increase in chromosomal aberrations in comparison with the control. In the spectrum of pathologies, there was an increase in the number of mitoses with bridges and fragments, and a significant decrease in the cells with a more severe pathology (bridges and fragments in one cell) and other aberrations (lagging and stuck together chromosomes). The number of mitoses with one bridge significantly decreased. In experiment 2, a three-fold increase in the irradiation dose contributed to a significant increase in chromosomal aberrations. At the same time, changes in the spectrum of pathologies had the same tendency as in experiment 1, but they were less active. The number of mitoses with 3 bridges increased significantly. On the basis of the results obtained, we come to the conclusion that under these laser exposure conditions there was an excess of radiation for the physiological norm of the organism as a whole, which could cause disturbances in the chromosomal apparatus of bone marrow cells.
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